Satire and Sarcasm in the Poetry of Abu Bakr Al-A'ma Al-Makhzumi (d. 546 AH)

Abstract

This research presents an analytical study of the art of satire and invective in the poetry of Abu Bakr al-Makhzumi al-Darir, one of the most prominent Andalusian poets of the 6th century AH. It aims to reveal the artistic features and social connotations of this poetic genre by analyzing selected works and comparing his style with that of major satirical poets such as Bashshar ibn Burd and al-Hutay'ah.

The study demonstrates how al-Makhzumi used satire as a tool for social criticism, employing artistic techniques such as puns, irony, and animal metaphors. It also analyzes his satirical poems directed at women, ministers, and poets, which reveal his mastery in using language. The research concludes that al-Makhzumi's poetry is a significant milestone in the development of Andalusian satire and deserves further documentation and study, especially given the absence of a dedicated collection of his works.